 |
Senenmut |
last update: 16.02.2008 |
Titles
| As already described in "Career
and Fall (?)", Senenmut had "collected" numerous titles and offices. These are
testified on his monuments and - with a few exceptions - each
title was repeatedly found on several of his monuments. However, the
accumulation of title does not mean under any circumstances that he exercised all associated
offices at the same time. It is to be assumed that he held several offices at the same time, but
that also he resigned from less important offices in the course of his
career.
The fact however that he recorded also less important and titles on his monuments, can be interpreted only going by the fact that the old Egyptians obviously "did not suffer" from a false modesty. In contrast, they were quite proud about their career - that is acknowledged by a look into contemporary tombs. It is also remarkable, that Senenmut - and some his contemporaries who had been active during the reign of Hatshepsut - mentioned as the only title of their fathers the title "Honorable" (zAb) thereby documenting their common origin (see also Persons). |
| Among the numerous administrative titles of the 18. Dynasty,
as far as they refer to the temple administration, several groups of titles can be formed within
"House of Amun" ("pr Imn"). According to Eichler (2000) the following groups
of titles can be differentiated in the temple administration: - direction of the domain - granary - administration of the estates - administration of the cattle - food producing (Sno) workshops - treasury - architecture and - workshops. Of course, Senenmut had collected titles from all these administrations. |
| The following additions to some titles are to be considered: - n Jmn = "of Amun" oder - n pr Imn = "of the House (Temple) of Amun" These indicate that the official holding this title has been a member of the administration of the temple of Amun at Karnak or of a temple attached to the temple at Karnak. Occasionally, some officials have omitted these title additions due to a lack of space on their monuments or due to other reasons, this could also be the case on the monuments of Senenmut. - "wr", some titles differ only by this addition, which has the meaning
"Great" or "Upper", "Chief" e.g. in Furthermore, the use of the same title "jmj-rA pr" for the head of a temple domain and the royal household indicates, that the administration of the temple and the household of the king had a comparable hierarchic structure. |
| At this point it is difficult to curb one's enthusiasm
about the most important development in the old Egypt - the organization of the
society and the invention of the administration.
Despite all aversions against the tax office, the "Steward of the Treasury" nevertheless resembles quite well a German title "Steuerrat" - or with the addition "wr", the "Obersteuerrat" - and in England the treasury is still called "Treasury" and the minister is called "Lord of the Treasury". However, also the assumption intrudes into one's mind that an "amassment of offices" is not a modern invention. |
| The following table contains a survey of Senenmut's titles. The specification, on which
of his monuments this title is testified, is based on Dorman (1988).
Regarding the way of writing of the titles I have preferred the writing
of Eichler (2000) over that of Dorman. In the case that a title is
testified several times, I usually have mentioned only once source or
only those that had already discussed here (the monuments, which are dated
into the time, before Hatshepsut has taken the full titles of Pharao, are
printed bold).
The English titles were kindly provided by Mrs. M. Schmoldt. |
| Title (in circumscription) | Office | testified at |
| jmj-rA AHwt Jmn |
overseer of the fields (estate) of Amun; land superintendent of the fields of Amen |
tomb seal |
| jmj-rA oxnwtj | herald, chancellor or chef de protocol | TT353, Chapel Silsila |
| jmj-rA oxnwtj n Jmn | herald, chancellor or chef de protocol of Amun | JdE 47278 |
| jmj-rA ob wHmt | overseer of the cattle | name stone |
| jmj-rA oHwt n Jmn | overseer of the estates of Amun
land superintendent of Amun |
TT353, Sarcophagus |
| jmj-rA oHwt n Jmn m Mn-st | overseer of the estates of Amen in Menset | CG 42114 |
| jmj-rA boHt n /// | Sarcophagus | |
| jmj-rA pr | chief of the House, steward, majordomo | TT353, TT71, Sarcophagus |
| jmj-rA pr n Jmn | chief of the house of Amun | relief about expedition to Punt , TT353, TT71, Sarcophagus |
| jmj-rA pr n Jmn-wsr-HAt | chief of the house, steward or majordomo of the sacred bark of Amun (named Userhat-Amun) | CG 42117 |
| jmj-rA pr n nbt-tAwj | chief of ?? | CG 42116 |
| jmj-rA pr n nsw | chief of the house, steward, majordomo of the king (Thutmosis III. ?) | TT353 |
| jmj-rA pr n Hmt-nTr "At-Spswt | chief of the house, steward, majordomo of God's Wife, Hatshepsut | tomb seal |
| jmj-rA pr n sAt-nsw | custodian of the King's Daughter | BM 174 |
| jmj-rA pr n sAt-nsw Nfrw-ro' | custodian of the King's Daughter, Neferu-Ra | BM 174, tomb seal |
| jmj-rA pr oHAw | chief of the weapons (of the arsenal) | TT353 |
| jmj-rA pr wr | chief steward | TT353, TT71, Chapel Silsila, Sarcophagus |
| mj-rA pr wr n Jmn | chief steward of the estate of Amun, chief land superintendent of Amun | TT353, TT71 |
| jmj-rA pr wr n nbt tAwj | superior steward of the Lady of the Two Lands | Statue Sheikh Labib |
| jmj-rA pr wr n nsw (nsw = njswt) | superior majordomo, chief steward of the King (Thutmosis III. ?) | TT353 |
| jmj-rA pr wr n Hmt-nTr | superior steward of God's Wife | Chapel Silsila |
| jmj-rA pr wr n sAt-nsw Nfrw-ro | superior steward, superior majordomo of the King's Daughter, Neferu-Ra | Sehel Grafitto, Chapel Silsila, BM 174, BM 1513 |
| jmj-rA prwj-nbw | overseer of the Double Gold House, overseer of the gold foundry | TT353 |
| jmj-rA prwj-HD | overseer of the Treasury | TT353 |
| jmj-rA prwj-HD prwj-nbw | overseer of the Gold and Silver Foundry | TT353, BM 174 |
| jmj-rA pr dwAt | overseer of «The Chamber of the Other World» | TT353 |
| jmj-rA mnmnt | overseer of the cattle | name stone |
| jmj-rA mnmnt n Jmn | overseer of the cattle of Amun | TT353, Sarcophagus |
| jmj-rA mnmnt n Jmn m Jpt-swt | overseer of the cattle of Amun at Karnak (Ipet-isut) | CG 42114 |
| jmj-rA nfrwt n Jmn |
overseer of the Beauties of Amun or |
TT353 |
| jmj-rA Hwwt nt | TT353, Sarcophagus | |
| jmj-rA Hmw-nTr n Jmn | inspector of the servants of Amun | name stone |
| jmj-rA Hmw-nTr n MnTw m Jwnj | inspector of the servants of Month at Iuni (Armant) | TT353, BM 174, Sarcophagus |
| jmj-rA HnQwt nsw | TT353, Sarcophagus | |
| jmj-rA Xntjw-S n Jmn |
overseer (chief) of an official or person employed on garden land or in irrigation |
TT353 |
| jmj-rA xkrw nsw | overseer (chief) of the jewellery and decoration of the King | TT353 |
| jmj-rA swt sQbb | TT353 | |
| jmj-rA sDAwt | overseer (chief) of the seal bearers | TT353, BM 174 |
| jmj-rA sDAwt nb<t> | overseer (chief) of the seal bearers ?? | TT353 |
| jmj-rA Snwtj | overseer (chief) of the magazines | TT353 |
| jmj-rA Snwtj n Jmn | overseer (chief) of the magazines (administration of the granaries at Karnak) | TT353, TT71, Chapel Silsila, BM 1513,
Louvre E 11057 |
| jmj-rA Snwtj n Jmn m nwt rsjt | overseer (chief) of the magazines des Amun | CG 42114 |
| jmj-rA Snwtj n Jmn-wsr-HAt | overseer (chief) of the magazines des Userhat-Amun | CG 42117 |
| jmj-rA kAt n Jmn | overseer (chief) of public work of Amun | TT353, TT71 |
| jmj-rA kAt n Jmn Esr-Dsrw | overseer (chief) of public work of Amun at Djeser djeseru | TT353 |
| jmj-rA kAt n Mwt m JSrw | overseer (chief) of public work of "Mut at Ischeru" (Temple of Mut at Karnak) | Brooklyn 67.68 |
| jmj-rA kAt nbt njswt | overseer (chief) of public work of the kings | TT71 |
| jmj-rA kAt nbt nt Jmn | overseer (chief) of all public work of Amun | Brooklyn 67.68 |
| jmj-rA kAt nbt nt nsw | overseer (chief) of all public work of the king | TT353, BM 174, BM 1513 |
| jmj-rA kAt nbt nt nsw m pr-Jmn | overseer (chief) of all public work of the king in the temple of Amun | TT353 |
| jmj-rA gs-pr n nsw | overseer (chief) of the royal business | Sarcophagus |
| jmj-rA gs-pr n Hwt | overseer (chief)
of the works or factories of the temple (possibly, this concerns the temple of Hatshepsut; this may also true for the following titles) |
Sarcophagus |
| jmj-rA gs-prw | overseer (chief) of the works or factories | Sarcophagus |
| jmj-Xnt | chamberlain | BM 1513 |
| jrj nfr-HAt | guardian of the royal diadem | Statue Sheikh Labib |
| it-mno' wr n sAt-nsw Hnwt-tAwj Hmt-nTr Nfrw-ro' | great male nurse (tutor) of the King's Daughter, Lady of the Two Lands, God's Wife Neferu-Ra | BM 1513 |
| wr mDw Cmow MHw | One of the 10 Great of Lower Egypt | TT353 |
| rA P nb | speaker of the people from Buto | TT353, Sarcophagus |
| rA NXn Hm-nTr Mo't | speaker of Hierakonpolis ? | CG 579 |
| rA-Hrj | First Speaker | BM 1513 |
| rpot | chief, heir, or hereditary ruler | Amulett, Brooklyn 61.192 |
| rpot m Hwt Gb | chief, heir, or hereditary ruler in the House of Geb | CG 42114 |
| rpo't HAtjo | Feinster /Erster Regent ? | BM 174 |
| rX-nsw mAo | CG 579 | |
| HAtjo | hereditary prince | TT353, BM 174, BM 1513 |
| Hm-nTr n Jmn | servant or priest of Amun | CG 579 |
| Hm-nTr n Jmn-wsr-HAt | servant or priest of (the barque) Userhat-Amun | TT353, Sarcophagus |
| Hrj-mrw n Jmn | CG 579 | |
| Hrj-sStA m pr-Jmn | confidential advisor or trusted councilor in the House of Amun | CG42114 |
| Hrj-sStA m pr-dwAt | confidential advisor or trusted councilor of the royal Morgenhauses | TT353, Sarcophagus |
| Hrj-sStA m r-prw | confidential advisor or trusted councilor ? | TT353, CG 579 |
| Hrj-sStA n jmj-wrt | confidential advisor or trusted councilor of the "West" | TT353, CG 579, Sarcophagus |
| Hrj-sStA n WADtj | confidential advisor or trusted councilor of Nechbet and Uto | TT353, Sarcophagus |
| Hrj-tp m Hwt nt | head or chief in the house of god (or temple) | Berlin Object 2296 |
| Hrj-tp n soHw-nsw | head or chief in the ? | TT353 |
| Hrj-tp oA m pr-nsw | Großes Oberhaupt im Haus des Königs | TT353, TT71 |
| Xrp jAwt nbt nTrt | director of all divine offices | Chapel Silsila |
| Xrp o'H | director of the royal palace (private rooms) | CG 579 |
| Xrp wrw Cmo'w MHw | director of the great of Upper and Lower Egypt | TT353 |
| Xrp wsXt m Hwt-sr | director of the "Large Hall" (audience hall in the royal palace) | Berlin Object 2296 |
| Xrp wsXt n Jmn | director of the hall | TT353 |
| Xrp kAt m Jpt-swt | director of the buildings at Karnak (Ipet-isut) | TT71, Sarcophagus |
| Xrp kAt nbt nt nsw | director of the royal buildings | CG 579 |
| smAtj "r | Statue Sheikh Labib | |
| smr wotj | only or unique friend | Chapel Silsila, BM 174 |
| sDAwtj-bitj | keeper of the royal seal | Chapel Silsila, Sehel Grafitto, BM 174 |
| sDtj-nsw | royal scholar | TT353 |
| Sms-nsw Hr XAswt rjt mHtt jAbt jmntt | CG 579 |
| Abb.: BM = Statue No.; British Museum; CG = Statue No., Museum Cairo |